Ouro Preto-MG-Brazil

 

Ouro Preto ( Black Gold) is a city in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, a former colonial mining town located in the Serra do Espinhaço mountains and designated a World Heritage Site by UNESCO because of its outstanding Baroque architecture.

Founded at the end of the 17th century, Ouro Preto (meaning Black Gold) was originally called Vila Rica, or "rich village", the focal point of the gold rush and Brazil's golden age in the 18th century under Portuguese rule.

The city centre contains well-preserved Portuguese colonial architecture, with few signs of modern urban development. Any new constructions are required to be in keeping with the city's historical aesthetic. 18th- and 19th-century churches decorated with gold and the sculptured works of Aleijadinho make Ouro Preto a prime tourist destination.

The tremendous wealth from gold mining in the 18th century created a city which attracted the intelligentsia of Europe. Philosophy and art flourished, and evidence of a baroque revival called the "Barroco Mineiro" is illustrated in architecture as well as by sculptors such as Aleijadinho, painters such as Mestre Athayde, composers such as Lobo de Mesquita, and poets such as Tomás António Gonzaga. At that time, Vila Rica was the largest city in Brazil, with 100,000 inhabitants.

In 1789, Ouro Preto became the birthplace of the Inconfidência Mineira, a failed attempt to gain independence from Portugal. The leading figure, Tiradentes, was hanged as a threat to any future revolutionaries.

In 1876, the Escola de Minas (Mines School) was created. This school established the technological foundation for several of the mineral discoveries in Brazil.

Ouro Preto was capital of Minas Gerais from 1720 until 1897, when the needs of government outgrew this town in the valley. The state government was moved to the new, planned city of Belo Horizonte.

 

Ouro Preto é um município do estado de Minas Gerais, no Brasil. É famoso por sua arquitetura colonial. Localiza-se na latitude 20º23'08" sul, longitude 43º30'29" oeste e altitude média de 1 179 metros. Sua população de 70 227 habitantes, conforme o censo de 2010 (Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística), está distribuída em 34 272 homens e 35 955 mulheres.

Foi a primeira cidade brasileira a ser declarada, pela Organização das Nações Unidas para a Educação, a Ciência e a Cultura, Patrimônio Histórico e Cultural da Humanidade, no ano de 1980.

No município, há treze distritos, cujas informações constam no Anexo:Lista de distritos de Ouro Preto: Amarantina, Antônio Pereira, Cachoeira do Campo, Engenheiro Correia, Glaura, Lavras Novas, Miguel Burnier, Santa Rita de Ouro Preto, Santo Antônio do Leite, Santo Antônio do Salto, São Bartolomeu e Rodrigo Silva, além da sede.