7 Habits to Prevent a Stroke

 

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Updated September 24, 2014.
Written or reviewed by a board-certified physician. See About.com's Medical Review Board.

A stroke can be a devastating event with serious long-term consequences. Advances in stroke treatment have made the long term outcome for stroke patients better. However, there is often a short window of time for effective treatment. One important approach to stroke care includes prevention, especially for people who are at risk. Not every stroke is preventable but there are some known preventable risk factors that can be modified with lifestyle habits. It is helpful to know some of the controllable causes of stroke and to learn how to control them.

1. Lower high blood pressure

Hypertension is chronic high blood pressure. It raises the risk of stroke and it also contributes to the development of heart disease and cerebrovascular disease- 2 well-known stroke risk factors. The first step in effective management of hypertension requires diagnosis through regular blood pressure screenings. Treatment of hypertension can include a diet low in salt, weight management, regular exercise or stress control. Sometimes medication to lower blood pressure is required. Your doctor can advise you on the best approaches for you when it comes to maintaining a normal blood pressure.

2. Control heart disease

Heart disease can be present at birth. It may occur later in life due to hereditary. Heart disease can develop a result of hypertension, obesity, diabetes or high cholesterol. Heart disease can include coronary artery disease (disease of the blood vessels that supply the heart), heart valve problems, heart muscle problems, an enlarged heart or an irregular heartbeat. There are many effective ways to diagnose and treat heart disease, depending on the cause. As with hypertension, the best approach is to have regular check ups with your doctor to detect problems early before they progress.

3. Lower high cholesterol

High cholesterol contributes to heart disease and cerebrovascular disease. It is usually the result of a diet high in unhealthy kinds of fat. Lowering cholesterol requires a diet with moderate fat intake, moderate exercise and sometimes medication.

4. Control diabetes

Diabetes can contribute to cardiovascular disease and cerebrovascular disease. Diabetes is a disorder of blood sugar metabolism. Diabetes may be inborn or acquired. People with type 1 diabetes require close management of blood sugar levels, usually with insulin treatment. People with type 2 diabetes require management of food intake, weight management and sometimes medication to maintain desirable levels of blood sugar.

5. Manage obesity

Obesity is also a risk factor for stroke. It can contribute to hypertension and high cholesterol. Obesity is often managed by diet and exercise. Sometimes, weight loss supplements or surgical procedures for weight loss can help when it is difficult to lose weight with diet and exercise alone. Genetics play a role in obesity as some people are more predisposed to being overweight than others, making weight loss a bigger challenge.

6. Stop smoking

Smoking contributes to heart disease, cerebrovascular disease and hypertension. Smoking can be a difficult habit to break. Different approaches, including behavioral control, counseling, support groups, nicotine patches and smoking cessation programs can be used to help quit smoking. Research shows that many of the harmful effects of smoking can be reversed over time when smoking is discontinued. Often, smoking cessation is more successful when guided by a trained health care professional.

7. Manage stress

Stress can contribute to stroke risk by contributing to hypertension, heart disease, diabetes and cerebrovascular disease. Management of stress and anxiety often involves a comprehensive approach to behavior and emotional responses. Stress is not objectively measurable and requires a long term approach for optimal control

Other less common causes of stroke may be more complex such as autoimmune disease and blood clotting disorders. These medical problems require long-term close medical management by a physician.

India Spacecraft Successfully Arrives at Mars

 

The Mangalyaan probe, the country's first mission to another world, has entered the Red Planet's orbit

Artist rendering of the Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM), informally called Mangalyaan (Sanskrit: मङ्गलयान, English: Mars-craft) is a Mars orbiter that was successfully launched on 5th November 2013 by the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO). 
Credit: Nesnad via Wikimedia Commons

India joined the distinguished club of Mars explorers on 24 September, as its Mangalyaan probe maneuvered into the red planet's orbit according to plan. Until then, only the United States, the former Soviet Union and the European Space Agency had conducted missions that successfully reached Mars. India's space program is the first to do so on its first attempt.

“History has been created today,” declared Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi at the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) mission control room in Bangalore. “The odds were stacked against us but we have prevailed and have achieved the near impossible,” he added.

As the news of the probe's successful insertion into orbit poured in, the ISRO control room erupted into thunderous applause, with scientists shaking hands, hugging and distributing sweets.

Mangalyaan, known formally as the Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM), has been hailed as one of the least expensive interplanetary endeavors in recent history, costing $75 million — less than the price of producing space-based Hollywood film Gravity, as Modi has pointed out.

But former ISRO chairman G. Madhavan Nair warns that if ISRO were to launch a mission of similar to one of NASA's in scope and depth, it would end up spending many times more.

Science and security
Mangalyaan carries five instruments to study the planet’s geology and evolution, and to look for methane, a signature of life. Some observers however view its scientific objectives with caution. “Some of this is hyped up and overstretched,” says Amitabha Ghosh, an India-born planetary geologist based in Washington DC. “I am sceptical that MOM will be able to dwell decisively on present or past life on Mars.”

Ghosh says that MOM is unlikely to supply data comparable in breadth or quality to those generated by other recent missions. He finds it unlikely that MOM will add anything significant to our understanding of Martian topography, for instance, given that NASA's Mars Global Surveyor has already taken 640 million elevation measurements and mapped the planet in detail.

However, ISRO describes MOM not as a science mission, but as a “technology demonstrator”.

Some policy experts say that India's space programme is also relevant to its national security, especially given that China has ramped up its space capabilities and tested anti-satellite weapons. “Military dimensions of China’s space program also carry strategic significance for India,” warns Brahma Chellaney, a strategist with the Center for Policy Research think tank in New Delhi.

India and China signed civilian space-cooperation agreements during Chinese President Xi Jinping’s visit to India in mid-September, even as renewed tension simmered along the border between the two countries.

China and Japan have previously made ill-fated attempts to reach Mars, with the Yinghuo-1 and Nozomi probes respectively.

This article is reproduced with permission and was first published on September 24, 2014.

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Nanotechnology leads to better, cheaper LEDs for phones and lighting

 

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The researchers demonstrated their technology in a green LED.

Princeton University researchers have developed a new method to increase the brightness, efficiency and clarity of LEDs, which are widely used on smartphones and portable electronics as well as becoming increasingly common in lighting.

Using a new nanoscale structure, the researchers, led by electrical engineering professor Stephen Chou, increased the brightness and efficiency of LEDs made of organic materials (flexible carbon-based sheets) by 57 percent. The researchers also report their method should yield similar improvements in LEDs made in inorganic (silicon-based) materials used most commonly today.

The method also improves the picture clarity of LED displays by 400 percent, compared with conventional approaches. In an article published online August 19 in the journal Advanced Functional Materials, the researchers describe how they accomplished this by inventing a technique that manipulates light on a scale smaller than a single wavelength.

"New nanotechnology can change the rules of the ways we manipulate light," said Chou, who has been working in the field for 30 years. "We can use this to make devices with unprecedented performance."

A LED, or light emitting diode, is an electronic device that emits light when electrical current moves through two terminals. LEDs offer several advantages over incandescent or fluorescent lights: they are far more efficient, compact and have a longer lifetime, all of which are important in portable displays.

Current LEDs have design challenges; foremost among them is to reduce the amount of light that gets trapped inside the LED's structure. Although they are known for their efficiency, only a very small amount of light generated inside an LED actually escapes.

"It is exactly the same reason that lighting installed inside a swimming pool seems dim from outside -- because the water traps the light," said Chou, the Joseph C. Elgin Professor of Engineering. "The solid structure of a LED traps far more light than the pool's water."

In fact, a rudimentary LED emits only about 2 to 4 percent of the light it generates. The trapped light not only makes the LEDs dim and energy inefficient, it also makes them short-lived because the trapped light heats the LED, which greatly reduces its lifespan.

"A holy grail in today's LED manufacturing is light extraction," Chou said.

Engineers have been working on this problem. By adding metal reflectors, lenses or other structures, they can increase the light extraction of LEDs. For conventional high-end, organic LEDs, these techniques can increase light extraction to about 38 percent. But these light-extraction techniques cause the display to reflect ambient light, which reduces contrast and makes the image seem hazy.

To combat the reflection of ambient light, engineers now add light-absorbing materials to the display. But Chou said such materials also absorb the light from the LED, reducing its brightness and efficiency by as much as half.

The solution presented by Chou's team is the invention of a nanotechnology structure called PlaCSH (plasmonic cavity with subwavelength hole-array). The researchers reported that PlaCSH increased the efficiency of light extraction to 60 percent, which is 57 percent higher than conventional high-end organic LEDs. At the same time, the researchers reported that PlaCSH increased the contrast (clarity in ambient light) by 400 percent. The higher brightness also relieves the heating problem caused by the light trapped in standard LEDs.

Chou said that PlaCSH is able to achieve these results because its nanometer-scale, metallic structures are able to manipulate light in a way that bulk material or non-metallic nanostructures cannot.

Chou first used the PlaCSH structure on solar cells, which convert light to electricity. In a 2012 paper, he described how the application of PlaCSH resulted in the absorption of as much as 96 percent of the light striking solar cells' surface and increased the cells' efficiency by 175 percent. Chou realized that a device that was good at absorbing light from the outside could also be good at radiating light generated inside the device -- offering an efficient solution for both light extraction and the reduction of light reflection.

"From a view point of physics, a good light absorber, which we had for the solar cells, should also be a good light radiator," he said. "We wanted to experimentally demonstrate this is true in visible light range, and then use it to solve the key challenges in LEDs and displays."

The physics behind PlaCSH are complex, but the structure is relatively simple. PlaCSH has a layer of light-emitting material about 100 nanometers thick that is placed inside a cavity with one surface made of a thin metal film. The other cavity surface is made of a metal mesh with incredibly small dimensions: it is 15 nanometers thick; and each wire is about 20 nanometers in width and 200 nanometers apart from center to center. (A nanometer is one hundred-thousandth the width of a human hair.)

Because PlaCSH works by guiding the light out of the LED, it is able to focus more of the light toward the viewer. The system also replaces the conventional brittle transparent electrode, making it far more flexible than most current displays.

"It is so flexible and ductile that it can be weaved into a cloth," Chou said.

Another benefit for manufacturers is cost. The PlaCSH organic LEDs were made by nanoimprint, a technology Chou invented in 1995, which creates nanostructures in a fashion similar to a printing press producing newspapers.

"It is cheap and extremely simple," Chou said.

Princeton has filed patent applications for both organic and inorganic LEDs using PlaCSH. Chou and his team are now conducting experiments to demonstrate PLaCSH in red and blue organic LEDs, in addition the green LEDs used in the current experiments. They also are demonstrating the system in inorganic LEDs.

Besides Chou, the paper's authors are Wei Ding, Yuxuan Wang and Hao Chen, graduate students in electrical engineering at Princeton. Support for the research was provided in part by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency and the Office of Naval Research. Chou recently was awarded a major grant from the U.S. Department of Energy to further advance the use of PlaCSH as a solution for energy-efficient lighting.

Novel method to synthesize nanoparticles

 

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This figure illustrates the ease with which grams of many different types of oxide nanoparticles can be prepared in a single step. The first row of sample vials shows the initial salt solutions of the different elements. The second row shows the product after reaction with potassium superoxide (KO2) and the addition of methanol. The bottom row shows the grams of nanoparticles after being purified by centrifugation.

Scientists at the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) Materials Science and Technology Division have developed a novel one-step process using, for the first time in these types of syntheses, potassium superoxide (KO₂) to rapidly form oxide nanoparticles from simple salt solutions in water.

"Typically, the synthesis of oxide nanoparticles involves the slow reaction of a weak oxidizing agent, such as hydrogen peroxide, with dilute solutions of metal salts or complexes in both aqueous and non-aqueous solvent systems," said Dr. Thomas Sutto, NRL research chemist. "The rapid exothermic reaction of potassium superoxide with the salt solutions results in the formation of insoluble oxide or hydroxide nanoparticulates."

An important advantage of this method is the capability of creating bulk quantities of materials. NRL has demonstrated that large quantities (over 10 grams) of oxide nanoparticles can be prepared in a single step, which is approximately four orders of magnitude higher yield than many other methods. The metal concentrations, usually in the millimolar (mM) amount, need to be low in order to prevent aggregation of the nanoparticles into larger clusters that could significantly limit the amount of material that can be prepared at any one time.

Oxide nanoparticles have been shown to be crucial components in numerous applications to include electronic and magnetic devices, energy storage and generation, and medical applications such as magnetic nanoparticles for use in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In all of these applications, particle size is critical to the utility and function of oxide nanoparticles -- decreased particles size results in increased surface area, which can significantly improve the performance of the oxide nanoparticle.

In order to demonstrate the broad scale applicability of this new method, oxide or hydroxide nanoparticles have been prepared from representative elements from across the periodic table to rapidly produce nanometer sized oxides or hydroxides. In addition to the elements converted to oxide nanoparticles in the above illustration, it has also been shown that oxide nanoparticles can be prepared from second and third row transition metals, and even semi-metals such as tin, bismuth, thallium and lead.

One exciting aspect of this technique is that it can also be used to produce blends of nanoparticles. This has been demonstrated by preparing more complex materials, such as lithium cobalt oxide -- a cathode material for lithium batteries; bismuth manganese oxide -- a multiferroic material; and a 90 degrees Kelvin (K) superconducting Yttrium barium copper oxide material. As such, this new synthetic route to oxide nanoparticles also shows great promise for a multitude of other catalytic, electrical, magnetic, or electrochemical processes, from novel cathodes to solution preparation of other types of ceramic materials.

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Story Source:

The above story is based on materials provided by Naval Research Laboratory. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.

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'Skin-like' device monitors cardiovascular and skin health

 

September 24, 2014

Northwestern University

A new wearable medical device can quickly alert a person if they are having cardiovascular trouble or if it's simply time to put on some skin moisturizer, researchers report. The small device, approximately five centimeters square, can be placed directly on the skin and worn 24/7 for around-the-clock health monitoring. The wireless technology uses thousands of tiny liquid crystals on a flexible substrate to sense heat. When the device turns color, the wearer knows something is awry.

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Artist's concept (stock illustration).

A new wearable medical device can quickly alert a person if they are having cardiovascular trouble or if it's simply time to put on some skin moisturizer, reports a Northwestern University and University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign study.

The small device, approximately five centimeters square, can be placed directly on the skin and worn 24/7 for around-the-clock health monitoring. The wireless technology uses thousands of tiny liquid crystals on a flexible substrate to sense heat. When the device turns color, the wearer knows something is awry.

"Our device is mechanically invisible -- it is ultrathin and comfortable -- much like skin itself," said Northwestern's Yonggang Huang, one of the senior researchers. The research team tested the device on people's wrists.

"One can imagine cosmetics companies being interested in the ability to measure skin's dryness in a portable and non-intrusive way," Huang said. "This is the first device of its kind."

Huang led the portion of the research focused on theory, design and modeling. He is the Joseph Cummings Professor of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Mechanical Engineering at Northwestern's McCormick School of Engineering and Applied Science.

The technology and its relevance to basic medicine have been demonstrated in this study, although additional testing is needed before the device can be put to use. Details are reported online in the journal Nature Communications.

"The device is very practical -- when your skin is stretched, compressed or twisted, the device stretches, compresses or twists right along with it," said Yihui Zhang, co-first author of the study and research assistant professor of civil and environmental engineering at Northwestern.

The technology uses the transient temperature change at the skin's surface to determine blood flow rate, which is of direct relevance to cardiovascular health, and skin hydration levels. (When skin is dehydrated, the thermal conductivity property changes.)

The device is an array of up to 3,600 liquid crystals, each half a millimeter square, laid out on a thin, soft and stretchable substrate.

When a crystal senses temperature, it changes color, Huang said, and the dense array provides a snapshot of how the temperature is distributed across the area of the device. An algorithm translates the temperature data into an accurate health report, all in less than 30 seconds.

"These results provide the first examples of 'epidermal' photonic sensors," said John A. Rogers, the paper's corresponding author and a Swanlund Chair and professor of materials science and engineering at the University of Illinois. "This technology significantly expands the range of functionality in skin-mounted devices beyond that possible with electronics alone."

Rogers, who also is director of the Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, led the group that worked on the experimental and fabrication work of the device. He is a longtime collaborator of Huang's.

With its 3,600 liquid crystals, the photonic device has 3,600 temperature points, providing sub-millimeter spatial resolution that is comparable to the infrared technology currently used in hospitals.

The infrared technology, however, is expensive and limited to clinical and laboratory settings, while the new device offers low cost and portability.

The device also has a wireless heating system that can be powered by electromagnetic waves present in the air. The heating system is used to determine the thermal properties of the skin.

The National Science Foundation supported the research.

The title of the paper is "Epidermal Photonic Devices for Quantitative Imaging of Temperature and Thermal Transport Characteristics of the Skin." In addition to Zhang, Li Gao and Viktor Malyarchuk of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign are co-first authors.

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Story Source:

The above story is based on materials provided by Northwestern University. The original article was written by Megan Fellman. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.

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Journal Reference:

1. Li Gao, Yihui Zhang, Viktor Malyarchuk, Lin Jia, Kyung-In Jang, R Chad Webb, Haoran Fu, Yan Shi, Guoyan Zhou, Luke Shi, Deesha Shah, Xian Huang, Baoxing Xu, Cunjiang Yu, Yonggang Huang, John A. Rogers. Epidermal photonic devices for quantitative imaging of temperature and thermal transport characteristics of the skin. Nature Communications, 2014; 5: 4938 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms5938

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Draft, uma plataforma para a Nova Economia brasileira chamar de sua.

 

Adriano Silva - 29 de agosto de 2014

Draft. Lugar para a gente falar de Disruptive Innovation, Maker Culture, Creative Problem Solving, Creative Economy, Ideas Generation, Life Hackers, New Economy, Game Changers, Design Thinking, Business Inventors, Strategic Design, Creative Entrepreneurship e outras mumunhas mais

Nasce o Draft.

Um projeto editorial dedicado a cobrir a expansão da inovação disruptiva no Brasil.

Uma plataforma de conteúdo, serviços e eventos montada para fazer a crônica da Nova Economia, da Cultura Maker, dos novos empreendedores brasileiros.

O Draft nasce para acompanhar e registrar o impacto do empreendedorismo criativo entre nós, para reverberar as histórias do empreendedorismo social no país, para narrar a efervescência das startups – as aceleradoras, incubadoras e fundos de venture capital se multiplicam entre nós de modo jamais visto.

A missão do Draft é seguir os “game changers”. Estudá-los, compreendê-los, traduzi-los, questioná-los, aprender com eles. Nós faremos a crônica dessa aventura. Geraremos o “who’s who” dessa gente que trabalha com a disrupção em uma mão e com um propósito de vida na outra.

Nosso material de trabalho são os desbravadores, talentos que não vieram ao mundo a passeio. Nossos personagens são os transformadores que têm uma obsessão e que trabalham para uma causa: inventar o futuro. Pessoas que se dedicam a gerar mais e melhores soluções para o planeta e para a sociedade. E que desejam se realizar como profissionais e como seres humanos nesse processo.

Nunca no Brasil tantas boas ideias e tantos empreendedores se lançaram à tarefa de mudar o mundo – começando pela sua própria rua. E de mudar o modo como vivemos – começando pela reinvenção de suas próprias carreiras, do seu jeito de olhar as coisas e de lidar com elas.

Jamais estivemos tão aptos e dispostos a romper com os modelos pré-estabelecidos, com os velhos jeitos (falsamente seguros) de fazer tudo.

E nunca no Brasil houve tanto capital em busca de boas ideias. Nem tantos inovadores com tantas boas ideias prontas para virarem negócios revolucionários, rentáveis, de impacto, sustentáveis – com geração de valor para todos os envolvidos na cadeia de produção e de consumo.

Se antes perguntávamos – “mas isso já deu certo em algum lugar”? – hoje buscamos o novo, aquilo que é original, precisamente as águas nunca antes navegadas.

Se antes nossos melhores talentos eram atraídos para bons empregos em grandes corporações (quando não para a zona de conforto e de acomodação de um concurso com vaga vitalícia), hoje eles são atraídos pela oportunidade de fazer algo grande, relevante, com potencial para mudar tudo em volta para melhor. (Inclusive no setor público.)

As oportunidades que interessam são aquelas que, ao mesmo tempo, tenham significado, façam sentido, falem à essência do realizador e ofereçam a ele ou a ela a certeza de que é exatamente aquilo que ele ou ela deveria estar fazendo com a sua vida nesse momento.

Nossos melhores talentos não buscam mais um emprego de longo prazo numa grande empresa – eles querem se conectar a projetos que durem o tempo justo numa empresa ágil. (Que, em geral, eles mesmos fundam.) Eles não entram num mercado para seguir regras – mas para reinventá-las, testá-las, melhorá-las. Eles não querem ser funcionários. E nem fazem questão de ter funcionários.

Ao contarmos as histórias de gente que hackeia os negócios, tornando-os melhores, e de gente que hackeia a própria vida, tornando-a mais feliz, estaremos inspirando outras pessoas a inventar e a se reinventar também.

O Draft deseja oferecer uma referência editorial e um ponto de encontro para essa comunidade de realizadores e para esse novo ecossistema – que nós enxergamos não como um segmento de mercado ou uma tendência, mas como a própria Nova Economia brasileira.

Estamos interessados nas histórias que deram muito certo – e também naquelas que ainda não deram tão certo assim. Porque ambas ensinam muito.

Ao investigarmos os acertos, os erros, as aprendizagens, as vitórias, os percalços, os desafios, os métodos e as saídas encontradas pelos Makers, estaremos dando visibilidade a cases que hoje têm um alcance desproporcionalmente inferior à importância que têm e ao papel que já desempenham no mercado.

Ao contarmos as histórias de gente que hackeia os negócios, tornando-os melhores, e de gente que hackeia a própria vida, tornando-a mais feliz, estaremos inspirando muita gente a inventar e a se reinventar também, estaremos instrumentalizando novos Makers a inovarem, estaremos aumentando o repertório de soluções e de caminhos possíveis para aquelas pessoas que já decidiram que querem fazer alguma coisa diferente com as suas vidas e com as suas carreiras.

Nós aprendemos com quem faz que para fazer é preciso começar, dar o primeiro passo. Realizar o que for possível – hoje. E depois ampliar, aprender, ajustar, refazer, seguir caminhando – todo dia. É assim que se vai adiante. É assim que se constroi uma obra.

Por isso estamos estreando o Draft hoje.

Nós também aprendemos com os Makers que não é possível empreender sozinho. Que vivemos em rede. Que juntos, conectados, trocando, compartilhando, somos mais fortes, mais inteligentes, mais criativos – e é assim que realizamos mais e melhor.

Por isso estamos estreando o Draft hoje – para dividir e, assim, somar e multiplicar.

A casa é sua.

Seja bem-vindo!

Adriano Silva
Publisher

Eu tenho muito a agradecer.

Ao Eduardo Vieira e ao Ricardo Cesar, que me acolheram. Acreditaram. E potencializaram.

A Phydia de Athayde, tremenda parceira, entusiasmada, comprometida, editora chefe do Draft.

Ao Pedro Burgos, meu companheiro de Spicy Media e de Gizmodo, nosso repórter especial.

A Mariana Castro, “que lançou um olhar para tudo que está aqui e, como eu, se encantou com esse universo”.

A Lu Sato, Denis Russo, Rafael Kenski e Rodrigo Ratier, que estiveram ao meu lado quando essa ideia nasceu e que contribuíram para a visão que fui carpindo com o tempo.

Ao Maurício Fogaça, Fabrício Moura e Cleiton Barcelos, que aterrissaram nossas ideias num projeto gráfico lindíssimo – e mantem lá em cima nosso padrão visual.

A Giovana Orlandi e Fred Carbonare, que aportaram competências que não tínhamos – com graça e paciência.

A João Paulo Ferreira, Denise Figueiredo, Zeca de Luca, Andrea Eboli, da Natura, que acreditaram e apoiaram nosso trabalho desde o início.

Aos empresários Abel Reis, Rodrigo Carneiro, Marcelo Tripoli e Felipe Matos, e aos executivos Luis Henrique Machino, Fabiana Galetol, Chiara Martini, Rafael Morettini, Maria Julia Azambuja, Renata Deformes e Gabriela Gomes, nos ajudaram a ter certeza de que tínhamos nas mãos algo pelo que valia pena lutar.

A Bárbara Soalheiro, Igor Botelho, Carol Romano, Andrea Fortes, Paulo Bittencourt – os primeiros Makers a conhecerem o projeto e a sorrirem para ele.