domingo, 27 de setembro de 2015

10 Things to Know About Thyroid Disease, Foods and Drinks

 

 

Edamame - Lori Andrews/Moment/Getty Images

Lori Andrews/Moment/Getty Images

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Updated December 20, 2014. (Links are in blue =CTRL+Click to open them)

For people with thyroid disease -- whether hypothyroid (underactive thyroid) or hyperthyroid (overactive thyroid), Hashimoto's disease or Graves' disease, or other conditions, there are some important things to know about foods and drinks, and their interaction with your health and medications. Here are ten things to know about thyroid conditions and your diet, food and beverages.

1. About Goitrogenic Foods
Goitrogens are substances -- occurring naturally in certain foods -- that can cause the thyroid gland to enlarge, which is called a goiter. Goitrogenic foods can also function like an antithyroid drug and actually slow down the thyroid and make it underactive (hypothyroidism.)

The main goitrogenic foods are cruciferous vegetables like broccoli, cauliflower, kale, and cabbage, among others, as well as soy foods. Here is a more detailed list of common goitrogens.

If you still have a functional (or semi-functional thyroid gland), and are hypothyroid, you should be careful not to overconsume raw goitrogenic foods. If you are hyperthyroid, you may want to talk to a nutritional practitioner about incorporating more goitrogenic foods into your diet.

If you are hypothyroid, you don't need to avoid goitrogenic foods entirely. The enzymes involved in the formation of goitrogenic materials in plants can be at least partially destroyed by heat, allowing you to enjoy these foods in moderation if they are steamed or cooked.

If you are hypothyroid, you don't need to avoid goitrogenic foods entirely. The enzymes involved in the formation of goitrogenic materials in plants can be at least partially destroyed by heat, allowing you to enjoy these foods in moderation if they are steamed or cooked.

2. Coconut Oil
You may hear coconut oil recommended for thyroid patients, and while it can be a healthful option, it's not a cure-all or treatment for thyroid disease. It's just a thyroid-friendly option to replace other fats and oils in your diet.
3. Soy May Be a Problem
Soy both acts as a goitrogen, and inhibits thyroid hormone absorption. Don't overconsume soy, especially processed and high-phytoestrogen forms of soy, like shakes, powders, soy milk, bars, and supplements. You may want to eliminate soy, or limit soy consumption to fermented forms, like tempeh, in small quantities as a condiment, and not as a primary protein replacement.

If you are hyperthyroid, you may want to talk to a nutritional practitioner about incorporating more soy into your diet.

4. Coffee And Thyroid Medication
You should not take coffee until an hour after you've taken your thyroid hormone replacement medication. Otherwise, the coffee can affect absorption, and make your thyroid medication less effective.

(Note: if you absolutely must have both your thyroid medication and coffee at the same time, talk to your physician about the liquid, capsule form of levothyroxine, which is apparently not affected by coffee.)

5. Calcium-Fortified Orange Juice And Your Thyroid Medication
You should not take calcium-fortified orange juice with your thyroid medication. Wait at least three to four hours after taking your thyroid medication before taking calcium-fortified juice, calcium supplements, or iron supplements, as they can interfere with your absorption of thyroid medication.
6. Iodized Salt
In some areas of the world, iodized salt is an essential way to prevent iodine deficiency, cretinism and retardation due to iodine deficiency in pregnant women. In the U.S., however, many people have limited their salt intake, or stopped using iodized salt.

Keep in mind that about one-fourth of the U.S. population is now somewhat deficient in iodine, and that percentage appears to be on the rise again, after years of stable iodine levels (due to iodized salt intake.) You need enough iodine -- but not too much -- for the thyroid to function properly.

7. Celiac, Gluten and Wheat
A subset of autoimmune thyroid patients have dietary-triggered autoimmunity, due to celiac disease, or a wheat/gluten intolerance. For these patients, going on a gluten-free diet may eliminate antibodies, and cause a remission of their autoimmune thyroid disease. Even for some patients who do not have celiac disease, going on a gluten-free diet may reduce antibodies, reduce bloating, and help with energy and weight loss.
8. High-Fiber Foods
Many thyroid patients struggle with constipation, and extra weight. One of the key tactics that can help is increasing fiber intake, particularly from foods. Here is a list of high-fiber foods for thyroid patients.

Keep in mind, however, that if you switch to a high-fiber diet, you should get your thyroid rechecked in eight to twelve weeks to see if you need a dosage readjustment, as fiber can affect absorption of medication.

9. Mini-Meals
Many people hear that to raise metabolism, you should eat "mini-meals" -- or "graze" all day on smaller meals. But this may be exactly the wrong thing to do for thyroid patients who are trying to lose weight. The reason why fewer meals, spaced further apart may be more effective for thyroid patients than mini-meals and grazing is in helping to manage the leptin and insulin levels.
10. Water
One of the most powerful things thyroid patients can do to help their health and metabolism is to drink enough water. Water helps your metabolism function more efficiently, and can help reduce your appetite, get rid of water retention and bloating, improve your digestion and elimination, and combat constipation. Some experts even say that we should drink one ounce of water per pound of scale weight.

 

source :http://thyroid.about.com/od/thyroidbasicsthyroid101/a/10-Things-To-Know-About-Thyroid-Disease-Foods-And-Drinks.htm

What powers the pumping heart?

 

 

Led by University of Toronto Physiology Professor Anthony Gramolini and his collaborator, Professor Thomas Kislinger in the Department of Medical Biophysics, the team used high-throughput methods to identify more than 500 membrane proteins on the surfaces of cardiac contractile cells, which are likely to have a critical role in normal heart function.

Credit: Image courtesy of University of Toronto

Researchers at the Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research have uncovered a treasure trove of proteins, which hold answers about how our heart pumps -- a phenomenon known as contractility.

Led by University of Toronto Physiology Professor Anthony Gramolini and his collaborator, Professor Thomas Kislinger in the Department of Medical Biophysics, the team used high-throughput methods to identify more than 500 membrane proteins on the surfaces of cardiac contractile cells, which are likely to have a critical role in normal heart function. The proteins may also play a part in heart failure and abnormal heartbeat patterns known as arrhythmias.

"In addition to providing a new understanding of what makes our hearts pump, these findings could also help researchers uncover new information about how heart disease affects the signal pathways in our hearts. That might pave the way to find ways to prevent or reverse those changes," says Gramolini.

During the study, the researchers found about 500 novel molecules that have been conserved throughout evolution. These molecules haven't been studied in the heart and little is known about what they do in other tissues.

The group's research focused on a protein called transmembrane protein 65 (Tmem65). By studying human stem cells and zebrafish using cell imaging and biochemical techniques, the researchers discovered that Tmem65 is involved in communication and electrical processes known as electrical coupling and calcium signaling. The team showed that Tmem65 regulates the connection point between adjacent cardiac contractile cells where it contributes to making the heart contract normally. Removing the protein had fatal consequences. The team also identified Tmem65 as the first critical tool for stem-cell researchers to monitor the maturation of cells in the heart's two main chambers, known as ventricles.

"These proteins are theoretically targetable for intervention as well as basic study. In this study, our focus was on Tmem65, but there are 555 proteins that we identified and showed that they are present throughout many species and are conserved throughout evolution-- at least in the mouse and the human -- in the heart's membrane-enriched contractile cells. Tmem65 was only the number-one candidate in our study, but theoretically, we have 554 other proteins to work through," says Gramolini.

The study, published in Nature Communications, also provides the first resource of healthy human and mouse heart-cell proteins that will help scientists develop a better understanding the mechanisms involved in cardiac disease.

Gramolini says the findings are essential for understanding cardiac biology and hopes they open the door for further study into health and disease in his lab and others.

"We need to figure out what all of these molecules are doing. My team and I hope our research sets the stage for other people to begin to pick up some of this work," says Gramolini. "These are molecules that haven't been studied, but must play some role in heart function. If a protein is conserved in evolution, generally it must have a critical function. We are very excited to look at the role of a number of these new proteins."


Story Source:

The above post is reprinted from materials provided by University of Toronto. The original item was written by Erin Howe. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.


Journal Reference:

  1. Parveen Sharma, Cynthia Abbasi, Savo Lazic, Allen C. T. Teng, Dingyan Wang, Nicole Dubois, Vladimir Ignatchenko, Victoria Wong, Jun Liu, Toshiyuki Araki, Malte Tiburcy, Cameron Ackerley, Wolfram H. Zimmermann, Robert Hamilton, Yu Sun, Peter P. Liu, Gordon Keller, Igor Stagljar, Ian C. Scott, Thomas Kislinger, Anthony O. Gramolini.Evolutionarily conserved intercalated disc protein Tmem65 regulates cardiac conduction and connexin 43 function. Nature Communications, 2015; 6: 8391 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9391

http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/09/150925131425.htm

 

Efeitos da Coca-Cola no seu corpo

 

 

Segundo uma pesquisa em artigos científicos e algum saber próprio, o farmacêutico Wade Meredith, escreve sobre os efeitos da ingestão da Coca-Cola no organismo. A Coca-Cola é sem dúvida das bebidas mais consumidas em todo o mundo, com uma média de 1,6 mil milhões de garrafas todos os dias. 

O que aconteceu ao organismo quando se bebe Coca Cola

A questão dos açúcares e da obesidade causada pela ingestão de refrigerantes já é conhecida pelo público geral. Adicionalmente, as ações abrasivas da Coca-Cola também já são conhecidas, uma vez que é mesmo usada para desentupir canalização. No entanto, o artigo publicado visa os efeitos sistémicos e locais da Coca-Cola, passo-a-passo, após a ingestão da bebida.

Os dados abaixo referem-se à ingestão de uma porção de 330 mL da bebida.

 

Primeiros 10 minutos

Equivale a ter ingerido 10 colheres de chá de açúcar, correspondendo a 100% da dose diária recomendada pelos nutricionistas para a ingestão de açúcar. Na verdade só não vomita, devido ao enjoo que causaria, porque o ácido fosfórico camufla esse sabor.

 

Aos 20 minutos

Dispara a concentração de glucose no sangue e há um pico de insulina. Isto leva a uma ativação dos hepatócitos (células do fígado) no sentido de produzir e armazenar gordura a partir do excesso de glucose. Vários estudos em ratazana e rato mostram que isto pode estar relacionado com fenómenos de diabetes tipo 2 e obesidade. Saber mais aqui.

 

Aos 40 minutos

Concluída a absorção da cafeína que provoca dilatação das pupilas e aumento da pressão sanguínea. Adicionalmente, no cérebro os receptores da adenosina são bloqueados mantendo o estado de alerta e impedindo-o de adormecer.

 

Aos 45 minutos

Libertação de dopamina pelos neurónios dos centros de prazer, com efeitos análogos, embora menos severos, às drogas como a heróina. Saber mais aqui eaqui.

 

Mais de 60 minutos

O ácido fosfórico liga iões Magnésio, Zinco e Cálcio no intestino delgado levando a um aumento da taxa metabólica e da excreção de Cálcio pela urina. Saber mais aqui e aqui.

A cafeína também tem efeito diurético que leva à excreção de todos estes electrólitos, diminuindo as suas concentrações no organismo para valores que podem ser críticos. Evidência publicada aqui.

Alguns fenómenos de irritabilidade devidos à diminuição do pico de glucose no sangue.

A Coca-Cola não é só uma bebida extremamente açucarada como também possuí vários electrólitos refinados e cafeína. Em conjugação, estudos tem mostrado os seus efeitos sobre a incidência da obesidade, diabetes tipo 2 e problemas cardiovasculares.

Fonte: The Renegade Pharmacist

http://www.fciencias.com/2015/08/03/efeitos-da-coca-cola-no-seu-corpo/