sábado, 27 de setembro de 2014

Top 10 Conversations to Have with Your Child

 

A picture of a mom talking to her child - Photo © Eric Audras / Getty Images

Take the time to talk to your child and open the door to meaningful conversation.  Photo © Eric Audras / Getty Images

With all of the parenting struggles you face, it's easy to get bogged down in the day-to-day role of being Mom or Dad and missing out on crucial conversations with your child. Get your kids to listen and have these top 10 conversations with your children.

Simply Ask: How are You?

Have you talked, really talked, to your child lately? Sure, you ask how their day at school was but are you giving him 100% of your attention? Ask how he's doing, not just at school, but how he is doing in general. You'll often find, once you give your child the floor to talk about whatever is on his mind, he opens up about a lot of things you wouldn't expect. Having conversations about nothing in particular is an excellent way to help your child learn how to express his emotions and for you to truly get to know that wonderful person who is your child.

Talk about Street Smarts

Life would be great if we all lived in Mayberry and kids could run down the street without you ever having to worry about the many possibilities of what could happen to them. Of course, we all know that's not realistic these days. Talk to your kids about street smarts so they know what to be aware of and can spot potential danger signs to keep them safe.

Talk about Thankfulness

We often tell our kids to say please and thank you but we need to go deeper to help them fully understand the meaning. Teach your kids to be thankful with conversations about thankfulness. Kids are incredibly perceptive but we need to let them know what thankfulness is and help them appreciate the many people and things in their lives.

Talk about Compassion

Raise a compassionate child who wants to make a difference. Talking to your kids about compassionate acts and how they can have compassion for others raises their awareness of their surroundings. Not only do they begin to develop an incredible sense of compassion, they begin to want to take part in activities that can help others.

Talk about Bullying

Bullying has gone to a whole new level, thanks to the Internet. With social media and chat, kids have found new ways to harass each other and that's led to the untimely deaths of too many of our young people. But bullying isn't limited to online harassment. We've all watched that child on the playground who seems to be tormenting all of the other kids. Bullying is a very real problem and it's important kids know they need to speak up when they see someone being bullied, whether it's your child being bullied or someone else. Talk about bullying with your kids and avoid the mistakes parents make when having this important conversation about bullying with their children.

Talk about Smoking

As your kids grow up, they'll more than likely spot a classmate or friend who's lighting up. Will he join them for a smoke or will he pass it up? It's no secret how dangerous smoking is but it's also one of the first rebellious acts tweens and teens take part in just so they can feel like a grown up. Talk to your kids about smoking and stomp out any temptation they may have about lighting up.

Talk about Drinking and Drugs

Tweens and teens are often tempted with drinking and drugs. Talking to your kids about drugs goes beyond covering the basics of illegal drugs. You have to warn him of the dangers items around the house like glue and aerosols. And alcohol is another one of those rebellious acts, like smoking, that our children are tempted by because they think it makes them more of a grown up. They're rebels and they can drink and smoke now that they're 13. While your child may not be able to drink and drive just yet, there are many other dangers associated with drinking. Make sure they know just how dangerous drinking is when teaching them about underage drinking and set a good example for them.

Talk about Guns

It's heartbreaking to hear story after story of children who accidentally shot themselves or another child. In the U.S. alone, numbers from the U.S. Department of state say there are as many as 310 million guns. That's enough guns for everyone in the U.S. to have a gun, including our children. Not only should you follow gun safety at your home, you should also teach your child what to do if he is at a friend's house and sees a gun or finds a friend playing with a gun.

Talk about Inappropriate Behavior and Touching

Unfortunately, we know there are people out there who want to take advantage of a child's innocence. The facts about child sexual abuse are alarming. Talking to your children about not undressing or allowing anyone to touch them is a conversation you should have when your children are still very young. Kids should always know that, no matter what, they should come to you and tell you when someone has made them feel uncomfortable or touched them inappropriately. Kids are easy to threaten with horrible scenarios of what a molester will do to the child's parents if the child tells but your child needs to know that him coming to you to tell what happened is what matters the most.

Talk about Sex

Ah, the dreaded sex talk. No parent wants to think about their once-bouncing baby needing a sex talk but, just as they're destined to grow up, we're destined to have to educate them about the birds and the bees. Talk to your kids about sex, even though you may feel as uncomfortable about the discussion as they do. Open the door for conversation. As hard as it may be, just remember they can learn from you or learn about it from their friends and classmates.

Snap 2014-09-27 at 13.27.11

The Super Seeds With Amazing Health Benefits

 

Posted By Recail On Monday, September 22, 2014 11:46 PM. Under Natural Cures, Natural Remedies

The seeds are the best proof that good things come in small packages.The health benefits of the seeds and their importance is known since long time ago. The nutritionists worldwide always advise to include the seeds in your daily diet.

In this article we will list the four types of seeds that can be easily found and purchased in any market and which should be included in your daily diet. Why? Continue reading to find out.

Flax seeds – These low-fat seeds are rich in fiber, protein, alpha linolenic acid (ALA) and omega 3 fatty acids. They fight the free radicals, improve cardiovascular health and digestion.

flax seeds

Pumpkin seeds – They are an excellent source of vitamin E, manganese and zinc. The antioxidants found in the pumpkin seeds are rare. One tablespoon of pumpkin seeds contains 4.7 mg healthy fats (mono-unsaturated fats that increase the level of the good cholesterol and lower the bad). The pumpkin seeds enhance immunity and regulate the insulin levels.

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Sesame seeds – These seeds are rich in magnesium, calcium and copper. They increase the level of vitamin E in the body, strengthen immunity and improve heart health. Many studies show that it also can reduce the risk of multiple sclerosis.

sesame seeds

Sunflower seeds – They contain good fats like the mono-unsaturated and polyunsaturated fats. They are rich in vitamin E and are good for the bones because they are an excellent source of calcium.

sunflower seeds

 

Snap 2014-09-27 at 10.05.38

Scarring effects of primary-grade retention?

 

September 26, 2014

Oxford University Press USA

The effect of scarring in the educational career in the case of primary-grade retention has been explored in a new article. Research found that primary-grade retention has lasting effects on educational attainments well after a student is initially retained: Retaining a child in early primary school reduces his or her odds of high school completion by about 60 percent in propensity score matching and sibling fixed-effects models.


An article released by Social Forces titled, "The Scarring Effects of Primary-Grade Retention? A Study of Cumulative Advantage in the Educational Career" by Megan Andrew explores the effect of scarring in the educational career in the case of primary-grade retention. Just as is the case for labor-market careers, events early in the educational career can leave lasting scars. Through the study, Andrew finds that primary-grade retention has lasting effects on educational attainments well after a student is initially retained: Retaining a child in early primary school reduces his or her odds of high school completion by about 60 percent in propensity score matching and sibling fixed-effects models.

These results suggest that the scarring effects of primary-grade retention operate mainly at high school completion -- despite previous findings to the contrary. Based on the research here, grade retention in primary school leaves lasting scars on students' educational careers, lowering the odds of completing a high school credential with the best hopes for recovery relatively early in the educational career. Given the advent, maturation, and extension of a high-stakes environment in US education, it is important to understand the implications of potential triggering events in the educational career often tied to singular indicators of ability.


Story Source:

The above story is based on materials provided by Oxford University Press USA. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.


Journal Reference:

  1. M. Andrew. The Scarring Effects of Primary-Grade Retention? A Study of Cumulative Advantage in the Educational Career. Social Forces, 2014; DOI: 10.1093/sf/sou074

 

7 Interesting Facts about Caffeine

 

Posted By Recail On Saturday, September 6, 2014 05:28 PM. Under Health Tips, Healthy Drinks

Although most of the people can not imagine their morning without a cup of coffee, just a very few of us are familiar with the main ingredients of the coffee – caffeine?

You probably know that the caffeine is found in the coffee and in some sodas and has the power to raise your energy. A lot of research is made around the world on this ingredient, and the results of these studies can surprise you.

The Caffeine has a positive effect on memory – both in the short-term and long-term. Many studies have dealt precisely with the impact of the caffeine on short-term memory, but recently has been found that it affects the memory also in long term. About 300-400 mg of caffeine a day can protect you from dementia, and even Alzheimer’s disease, say the researchers from New York. However, it is not enough just to drink coffee, it is also required to sleep 8 hours a day. For the caffeine to have this effect it is necessary to regularly sleep eight hours.

Can improve sports performance – If you consume the drink that contains caffeine approximately one hour before exercise, it can also improve your exercise performance. Not only will your muscles work better, but you will be less tired. It has been proven that the caffeine reduces our perception of labor. This is especially useful if you exercise in the gym.

The effect of caffeine is instant – Caffeine enters the bloodstream very quickly and arrives at the brain and stimulates the nervous system almost instantly after consumption. That means you’ll feel more awake after drinking the coffee instantly, and the effect will last from 30 to 60 minutes. After that time, the effect of the caffeine starts lowering.

Different coffees have different concentrations of caffeine – that means a coffee in a cafe can have less caffeine than the coffee in another cafe, even if it is same coffee that has a similar taste. A cup of coffee contains about 90 to 225 milligrams of caffeine.

7 facts about coffee and caffeine

The Espresso has less caffeine than the regular black coffee. Everybody thinks that because of its intense flavor, the Espresso is rich in caffeine. However, the truth is that a short espresso has 40 to 70 mg of caffeine. And that is significantly less than an average cup of regular black coffee.

Caffeine does not dehydrate -Given the fact that 98 percent of the caffeine is consumed through drinks, you are hydrated at the same time. So, even though the caffeine is a diuretic, it is not true that it will dehydrate you. Of course, that does not mean that we should exaggerate.

The Caffeine is not found only in drinks – Did you know that the chocolate is also high in caffeine? Besides the chocolate, it is also found in other foods as well as medicines. Many analgesics contain this substance, so it would wise to consult your doctor before you decide to drink so you don’t have heart problems.

Snap 2014-09-27 at 10.05.38

 

MEDIA AVAILABILITYNIH-Led Scientists Discover HIV Antibody that Binds to Novel Target on Virus

 

​WHAT:
An NIH-led team of scientists has discovered a new vulnerability in the armor of HIV that a vaccine, other preventive regimen or treatment could exploit. The site straddles two proteins, gp41 and gp120, that jut out of the virus and augments other known places where broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) bind to HIV. This newly identified site on the viral spike is where a new antibody found by the scientists in an HIV-infected person binds to the virus. Called 35O22, the antibody prevents 62 percent of known HIV strains from infecting cells in the laboratory and is extremely potent, meaning even a relatively small amount of it can neutralize the virus.

Following their discoveries, the scientists found that 35O22-like antibodies were common in a group of HIV-infected people whose blood contained antibodies that potently neutralized a broad array of HIV strains. According to the researchers, this suggests that it might be easier for a vaccine to elicit 35O22 than some other known bNAbs, which are less common. 

Since 35O22 binds only to forms of the viral spike that closely resemble those that naturally appear on HIV, the scientists believe a vaccine that elicits 35O22-like antibodies would need to mimic the natural shape of the spike as closely as possible. This would require a different approach than that used in many previous experimental HIV vaccines, which have included just parts of the viral spike rather than a structure that looks like the entire native viral spike.

In addition, the researchers report, the HIV strains that 35O22 neutralizes complement strains neutralized by other bNAbs. This suggests that eliciting or combining 35O22 with a few other bNAbs in a vaccine or a prevention or treatment regimen could likely neutralize the vast majority of HIV strains found around the globe, according to the scientists.

ARTICLE:
J Huang et al. Broad and potent HIV-1 neutralization by a human antibody that binds the gp41-120 interface. Nature DOI: 10.1038/nature13601 (2014).

WHO:
Anthony S. Fauci, M.D., director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, part of NIH, is available for comment. Mark Connors, M.D., chief of the HIV-Specific Immunity Section of the NIAID Laboratory of Immunoregulation and the principal investigator of the study, also is available for interviews.

CONTACT:
To schedule interviews, please contact Laura S. Leifman, (301) 402-1663, niaidnews@niaid.nih.gov.

Countries must work together to stop organ traffickers, says researcher

 


The author of new research into organ trafficking has called for a concerted international effort to confront the problem.

Dr Ana Manzano, of the School of Sociology and Social Policy at the University of Leeds, says a combination of factors means nobody knows definitively how many organs are being traded across the world.

She said: "Unless these issues are addressed and countries work together to take firm action against the traffickers, more people who have their organs trafficked will die.

"Even in the UK, although the World Health Organization has identified us as a buyer country, we don't know the full extent of it."

The research, published in the journal Transplantation, describes five main reasons why the true extent of organ trafficking is difficult to pinpoint.

These factors are:

  • A reluctance by those who give away their organs to talk, because of fear of prosecution.
  • No agreement between countries about what penalties should be in place for those who buy organs, and little consistency in enforcing laws.
  • The high status of surgeons. Some surgeons perform illegal transplants knowing that they will only be caught if they are reported to regulatory bodies by colleagues.
  • The nature of organ trafficking offences means they can span several countries, making tracing organs difficult.
  • Insurers play a part in the proliferation of organ trafficking by paying for follow-up treatment to transplant patients.

Dr Manzano added: "Together, these factors have helped create the practice of organ laundering -- where the illegal purchase of organs takes on the veneer of a legal transaction.

"Countries should follow the example of places like Spain where reporting the recipient of an organ purchased abroad is compulsory if follow-up care is requested."

Although there is no internationally agreed definition, 'organ trafficking' is broadly defined as situations in which people are tricked into giving up organs, may sell them for financial gain but are not paid for as agreed.

Dr Manzano added: "If countries do nothing about this problem, the consequences for both donors and recipients can be terrible, as they may have to deal with dreadful health outcomes."


Story Source:

The above story is based on materials provided by University of Leeds. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.


Journal Reference:

  1. Ana Manzano, Mark Monaghan, Barbara Potrata, Michelle Clayton. The Invisible Issue of Organ Laundering. Transplantation, 2014; 98 (6): 600 DOI: 10.1097/TP.0000000000000333

 

'Multi-spectra glasses' for scanning electron microscopy

 


Photo of the new WDS instrument that is connected to a scanning electron microscope (Zeiss EVO 40) by means of a standard housing and mounting flange.

Reflection zone plates produced by HZB enable lighter elements in material samples to be precisely detected using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) by providing high resolution in the range of 50-1120 eV.

The scanning electron microscope is not only used for precisely surveying the surface topology of samples, but also for determining their chemical compositions. This is done by exciting the atoms to fluoresce under irradiation by an electron beam while scanning the sample. This secondary emission provides information about the location and type of element, insofar as the analysis is sufficiently precise. However, the lighter elements of the periodic table such as lithium, beryllium, boron, carbon, and nitrogen emit secondary fluorescence in an energy range that cannot be sufficiently well resolved by energy dispersive spectrometers (EDS).

A solution to this problem has now been developed at HZB. Prof. Alexei Erko, head of HZB's Institute for Nanometre Optics and Technology, has previously designed and patented innovative optics using what is known as reflection zone plates. They are employed in synchrotron sources like BESSY II for analysing soft X-ray radiation. This optics, consisting of several thousand concentric or elliptical structures, do not refract the radiation the way a glass lens does, but instead diffract them so that interference occurs.

"Our colleagues from the company IfG Institute for Scientific Instruments had asked me if reflection zone plate optics could also be used in an electron microscope to increase the resolution in the low-energy region. Based on this idea a research project at the non-profit Institut für angewandte Photonik e. V. and at the company IfG GmbH, a following product development project was executed resulting in a functional prototype of a specialised wavelength dispersive spectrometer (WDS). Using this instrument you can very precisely detect the light elements such as lithium, boron, beryllium, carbon and oxygen with an electron microscope," explains Erko.

The spectrometer consists of an array of 17 reflection zone plates covering the energy range of 50-1120 eV. To achieve even higher resolution, the scientists produced optics using 200 reflection zone plates to provide nearly continuous spectral measurements in the energy range of 100-1000 eV.

"High resolution in this energy range is important for detecting lighter elements of the periodic table. That is particularly important for research on energy-related materials like solar cells, batteries, and solar fuels, as well as catalysts. But it could also be useful in research on magnetic materials and in life sciences. We are very excited about what this new tool can be used for," says Erko.


Story Source:

The above story is based on materials provided by Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.


Journal Reference:

  1. Alexei Erko, Alexander Firsov, Renat Gubzhokov, Anjuar Bjeoumikhov, Andreas Günther, Norbert Langhoff, Mario Bretschneider, Yvonne Höhn, Reiner Wedell. New parallel wavelength-dispersive spectrometer based on scanning electron microscope. Optics Express, 2014; 22 (14): 16897 DOI: 10.1364/OE.22.016897
 

New technology may lead to prolonged power in mobile devices

 


Dr. Jiyoung Kim (left) and Dr. Kyeongjae “K.J.” Cho examine a wafer used to make transistors. The two created new technology that could reduce energy consumption in mobile devices and computers.

Researchers from The University of Texas at Dallas have created technology that could be the first step toward wearable computers with self-contained power sources or, more immediately, a smartphone that doesn’t die after a few hours of heavy use.

This technology, published online in Nature Communications, taps into the power of a single electron to control energy consumption inside transistors, which are at the core of most modern electronic systems.

Researchers from the Erik Jonsson School of Engineering and Computer Science found that by adding a specific atomic thin film layer to a transistor, the layer acted as a filter for the energy that passed through it at room temperature. The signal that resulted from the device was six to seven times steeper than that of traditional devices. Steep devices use less voltage but still have a strong signal.

“The whole semiconductor industry is looking for steep devices because they are key to having small, powerful, mobile devices with many functions that operate quickly without spending a lot of battery power,” said Dr. Jiyoung Kim, professor of materials science and engineering in the Jonsson School and an author of the paper. “Our device is one solution to make this happen.”

Tapping into the unique and subtle behavior of a single electron is the most energy-efficient way to transmit signals in electronic devices. Since the signal is so small, it can be easily diluted by thermal noises at room temperature. To see this quantum signal, engineers and scientists who build electronic devices typically use external cooling techniques to compensate for the thermal energy in the electron environment. The filter created by the UT Dallas researchers is one route to effectively filter out the thermal noise.

Dr. Kyeongjae “K.J.” Cho, professor of materials science and engineering and physics and an author of the paper, agreed that transistors made from this filtering technique could revolutionize the semiconductor industry.

“Having to cool the thermal spread in modern transistors limits how small consumer electronics can be made,” said Cho, who used advanced modeling techniques to explain the lab phenomena. “We devised a technique to cool the electrons internally — allowing reduction in operating voltage — so that we can create even smaller, more power efficient devices.”

Each time a device such as a smartphone or a tablet computes it requires electrical power for operation. Reducing operating voltage would mean longer shelf lives for these products and others. Lower power devices could mean computers worn with or on top of clothing that would not require an outside power source, among other things.

To create this technology, researchers added a chromium oxide thin film onto the device. That layer, at room temperature of about 80 degrees Fahrenheit, filtered the cooler, stable electrons and provided stability to the device. Normally, that stability is achieved by cooling the entire electronic semiconductor device to cryogenic temperatures — about minus 321 degrees Fahrenheit.

Another innovation used to create this technology was a vertical layering system, which would be more practical as devices get smaller.

“One way to shrink the size of the device is by making it vertical, so the current flows from top to bottom instead of the traditional left to right,” said Kim, who added the thin layer to the device.

Lab test results showed that the device at room temperature had a signal strength of electrons similar to conventional devices at minus 378 degrees Fahrenheit. The signal maintained all other properties. Researchers will also try this technique on electrons that are manipulated through optoelectronic and spintronic — light and magnetic — means.
The next step is to extend this filtering system to semiconductors manufactured in Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) technology.

“Electronics of the past were based on vacuum tubes,” Cho said. “Those devices were big and required a lot of power. Then the field went to bipolar transistors manufactured in CMOS technology. We are now again facing an energy crisis, and this is one solution to reduce energy as devices get smaller and smaller.”

Researchers from the Lam Research Corporation in California, Nankai University in China, the University of Michigan and the University of Texas at Arlington contributed to this work.

The work was funded by the Office of Naval Research and the National Science Foundation.

Scanning babies' fingerprints could save lives through vaccination tracking

 


A health official in Benin, Africa scans a baby's fingerprints for the vaccination database.

Each year 2.5 million children die worldwide because they do not receive life-saving vaccinations at the appropriate time.

Anil Jain, Michigan State University professor, is developing a fingerprint-based recognition method to track vaccination schedules for infants and toddlers, which will increase immunization coverage and save lives.

To increase coverage, the vaccines must be recorded and tracked. The traditional tracking method is for parents to keep a paper document. But in developing countries, keeping track of a baby's vaccine schedule on paper is largely ineffective, Jain said.

"Paper documents are easily lost or destroyed," he said. "Our initial study has shown that fingerprints of infants and toddlers have great potential to accurately record immunizations. You can lose a paper document, but not your fingerprints."

Jain and his team traveled to rural health facilities in Benin, West Africa, to test the new fingerprint recognition system. They used an optical fingerprint reader to scan the thumbs and index fingers of babies and toddlers. From this scanned data, a schedule will be created and become a part of the vaccine registry system.

Once the electronic registry is in place, health care workers simply re-scan the child's fingers to view the vaccination schedule. They know who has been vaccinated, for what diseases and when additional booster shots are needed.

These new electronic registry systems will help overcome the lack and loss of information, which is the primary problem in the vaccine delivery system in third world nations, Jain said.

Collecting fingerprints from fidgety infants is not easy. Another challenge is their small fingerprint patterns have low contrast between ridges and valleys.

"The process can still be improved but we have shown its feasibility," Jain said. "We will continue to work on refining the fingerprint matching software and finding the best reader to capture fingerprints of young children, which will be of immense global value. We also plan to conduct a longitudinal study to ensure that fingerprints of babies can be successfully matched over time."

There will be other benefits in addition to tracking vaccinations, said Mark Thomas, executive director of VaxTrac, a nonprofit organization supporting Jain's research.

"Solving the puzzle of fingerprinting young children will have far-reaching implications beyond health care, including the development of civil registries, government benefits' tracking and education recordkeeping," Thomas said.

 


Story Source:

The above story is based on materials provided by Michigan State University. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.


 

New tool assesses skill development in robotic microsurgery

 


A new standardized assessment provides a useful tool for tracking surgeons' progress as they develop the skills needed to perform robot-assisted microsurgery, reports a study in the October issue of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery®, the official medical journal of the American Society of Plastic Surgeons (ASPS).

"The Structured Assessment of Robotic Microsurgical Skills (SARMS) is the first validated instrument for assessing robotic microsurgical skills," according to the report by ASPS Member Surgeon Dr Jesse C. Selber of the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston. Initial assessments using the SARMS show that, after a steep initial learning curve, surgical trainees display steady improvement in their ability to perform robot-assisted microsurgery tasks.

SARMS Tracks Development of Robotic Microsurgery Skills

The researchers describe the development and testing of the SARMS as a standard technique for evaluating technical skills for robot-assisted microsurgery. The SARMS consisted of 11 items -- six evaluating microsurgery skills and five evaluating robotic skills.

After the SARMS was validated, expert surgeons used it to grade videos of surgical trainees performing robot-assisted microvascular anastomoses -- joining and suturing tiny artificial blood vessels, just three millimeters in diameter. Each of nine trainees was graded on five videos, made as they gained experience with the robotic surgical system. Changes in scores in each area were assessed, along with the time required to complete the procedure.

The SARMS scores documented general improvement in microsurgical skills with each practice session. On a five-point scale -- from "novice" to "expert" -- the trainees' average ratings of overall skill and performance increased from around two to around four.

"The results showed an initial steep ascent in technical skill acquisition, followed by more gradual improvement," Dr Selber and coauthors write. Across the five sessions, average operative time decreased gradually, from about 30 to 19 minutes.

Previous experience performing conventional microsurgery -- under the operating microscope, but without robotic assistance -- was the main factor affecting the trainees' skill level. The SARMS items showed good to excellent consistency among the different expert raters.

Tool Will Aid Training in Robot-Assisted Plastic Surgery

Surgical robots have emerged as a potentially valuable tool in many surgical disciplines, including plastic and reconstructive surgery. By eliminating tremor of the surgeon's hand and scaling hand motion, surgical robots are capable of "superhuman precision" -- expanding the ability to perform delicate microvascular manipulations that would be all but impossible with the unaided human hand.

The SARMS score developed and evaluated in this study provides a new, standardized tool for evaluating trainees' skill and performance as they gain experience with robotic microvascular surgery. The results suggest that surgical trainees can expect a tough going at first, but show gradual improvement in skills and shorter procedure times over as little as five practice sessions.

"Standardized evaluation and systematic learning of both robotic and conventional surgical techniques is necessary, and is the foundation of competency-based training, which itself is the future of surgical education," Dr Selber and coauthors conclude. Dr Selber will give a special "Tech Talk" on the topic of Robotics at "Plastic Surgery -- The Meeting," the annual scientific meeting of the ASPS, to be held October 10-14, 2015 in Chicago, Ill.


Story Source:

The above story is based on materials provided by Wolters Kluwer Health. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.


Journal Reference:

  1. Taiba Alrasheed, Jun Liu, Matthew M. Hanasono, Charles E. Butler, Jesse C. Selber. Robotic Microsurgery. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 2014; 134 (4): 794 DOI: 10.1097/PRS.0000000000000550